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Everything we observe in the universe has its own form. In the objects we see around us, we can find various basic shapes, such as the two-dimensional square, rectangle, and oval, as well as the three-dimensional rectangular prism, cylinder, and sphere. Credit cards, bills and coins, finger rings, photo frames, dartboards, houses, windows, wands, tall buildings, flower pots, toys and balloons are examples of geometric shapes.
The number of sides or corners of a shape varies from one to another. A side, or vertex, is a straight line that forms part of a shape, while an angle, or vertex, is the point where two sides meet. You are already familiar with the most common shapes and may not be able to explain the difference between a square and a cube, a circle and a sphere. In this article, you will begin to analyze and compare 2D and 3D shapes, explaining their similarities, differences, and properties.
Contents
What are 2D shapes?
2D means two-dimensional in 2D forms. Two-dimensional shapes such as width and height are known as 2D shapes. A rectangle or circle are examples of 2D shapes because they have no depth. Basically, 2D objects are flat and cannot be physically captured. We usually refer to dimensions as measurements in a specific direction. Length, breadth or width, depth, and height are examples of dimensions.
Examples of 2D shapes:
circle
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There is only one curved side of the circle.
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A semicircle has two sides, one curved and one straight.
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The full arc of a semicircle is 180 degrees.
triangle
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An equilateral triangle is a triangle with each angle measuring 60°.
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Any triangle with one right angle is a right triangle.
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An irregular triangle is a scalene triangle. Every side and corner is unique.
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Two sides and two angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
rectangles
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A square is a regular rectangle with 90o angles on all sides.
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Bee diagonals intersect at right angles and have two sets of sides of equal length.
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A rectangle consists of two parallel straight lines, each with an angle of 90°.
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A rhombus has equal sides and opposite equal angles, as well as two parallel lines.
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A pair of parallel lines form a trapezoid.
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Two pairs of parallel lines at opposite equal angles form a parallelogram.
The figure shows an illustration of 2D shapes
3D shapes
3D means it has three dimensions. So it is not flat like a 2D shape. Dimensions of 3D shapes include length, width, and depth. Examples of 3D shapes are spheres, cuboids, cubes, square pyramids, cylinders, and cones.
The image shows an illustration of 3D shapes
Properties of 3D shapes
A 3D shape will have faces, edges and vertices.
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A face on a 3D shape is also known as a “side”. It can be flat or curved. As a result, the cube has six faces, while the sphere has only one.
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An edge is the point where two faces or sides of a face meet. You will find 12 edges on a cube if you count the edges. However, a sphere like a ball has no edges.
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An angle is another name for a tip. This is the point where the edges meet.
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Depending on the shape of the base, the properties of the pyramid can change. For example, a square pyramid has five faces, while a triangle-based pyramid has four.
Differences between 2D and 3D shapes
You may be confused by the differences between 2D and 3D shapes. There are several ways to measure objects in space. 3D objects can be measured in length, width, and height. 3D shapes, unlike 2D shapes, do not have flat surfaces. This means they have depth. Two-dimensional shapes have two dimensions, while three-dimensional shapes have three dimensions. The most important thing for you is that the main difference between 2D and 3D shapes is their dimension.
conclusion
2D and 3D shapes are mathematical topics that fall under geometry. They are also covered in other parts of the curriculum. In Year 3 Shapes you will explore, analyze and compare the properties of 2D shapes, as well as create patterns using them and solve problems. Know how to recognize 2D shapes in things like buildings, road signs, and other common objects. This article also provides you with 3D shapes that will help you in higher grades.
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